PHILOSOPHY OF THE MARTIAL ARTS
Underlying the Martial Arts of China, such as Shaolin Ch?uan Fa (Shaolin Fist Law), are a combination of Eastern philosophies, particularly Taoism (pronounced ?DOW-ism?) and Buddhism. Taoism is a philosophy of living and learning in harmony with the ?Way of Nature?, the Tao. The principles of Taoism include harmony, simplicity and natural action. Buddhism is a philosophy emphasizing the attainment of enlightenment through reason and meditation. The ideals of both Taoism and Buddhism provide the philosophical foundation upon which the mental and physical aspects of the Martial Arts are built.
In Taoism, the principles of harmony and balance, Yin and Yang, are reflected in the symbol of a circle divided into two teardrops-shaped halves, one black and one white, each containing a small circle of the opposing color. The Yin and Yang represent the principle of opposites found in all aspects of life and the universe-such as soft and hard, light and dark. In the Martial Arts, we seek to balance opposites are never static, but constantly yielding and overcoming. One never completely eliminates the other, as both are equal and both are necessary.
Simplicity is expressed in the Taoist concept of the ?uncarved block.? Here things, including people, in their original simplicity contain their own natural power. Taoism teaches us to utilize natural gifts to our advantage. In the Martial Arts, people are taught according to their personal attributes, such as size and strength. There is no perfect technique for everyone. One person may feel more comfortable with the balanced movements of the Crane, while another excels at the powerful techniques of the Tiger. Inner nature of instinct, directs the Martial Artist toward movements that work best for the individual. This is the principle of the ?uncarved block? that becomes sculpted according to each person?s needs.
One of the most characteristic aspects of Taoism is the principle of the natural action, Wu-Wei. It simply means to act with, not against, the forces of nature. Strictly aggressive, combative behavior leads to failure; Wu-Wei teaches us to work with nature. In the Martial Arts, this is exemplified by the principle that our movements depend on those of the opponent. We yield to force and then overcome with superior technique.
Taoism bas become an integral part of the Chinese Martial Arts. ?Harmony of the mind and body,? ?Simplicity of technique,? ?Yield and overcome?- principles such as these are emphasized in Martial Arts training. By applying them to techniques, we are successful at combat: by applying them to life, we achieve happiness. The Taoist view emphasizes that Marital Arts, like life, is a journey, not and end in itself. Understanding and practicing the ?Way of Nature? will allow one to achieve success in both.
Buddhism, particularly Ch?an Buddhism of China also known of Zen Buddhism in Japan, has also heavily influenced the evolution of the Martial Arts. Buddhism emphasizes the mind and its capacity, through reason and meditation, to attain enlightenment. Zen teaches that everyone can achieve enlightenment, final peace and knowledge, and that everyone possesses the means to this self-realization. Various methods have been developed to achieve this goal, such as the Koan, which is a story or problem, such as, ? what is the sound of one hand clapping?? At fist, Koans many seem irrational or paradoxical, but are ultimately intended to bring about spontaneous enlightenment. Buddhism has exercised profound influence on the Martial Arts, particularly with its emphasis on meditation. Calming the mind and developing breath control are common objective of Martial Arts meditation. Buddhism teaches us that meditation also can be the path to self-realization.
Taoist and Buddhist philosophies are inseparable parts of the Chinese Martial Arts tradition. The fighting arts grew out of these philosophical roots. Understanding their principles and concepts allows the Martial Artist to appreciate better and succeed at, both the art of combat and the art of living. Many books have been written on these subjects. Utilize them!


